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Liu, The Fearless Decision and the Future of Race-Conscious Charities

December 15, 2025

Chenglin Liu (St. Mary’s University School of Law) has published The Fearless Decision and the Future of Race-Conscious Charites, 74 Cleveland State Law Review 131 (2025). Here is the abstract:

Historically, courts tended to differentiate between invidious discrimination against racial minorities and benign discrimination against whites in the context of affirmative action movements. With the social movements galvanized by the conservatives and the change of composition of the Supreme Courts and lower courts, the feasibility of race-conscious measures aimed at helping minorities is substantially reduced. The conservatives’ win in Fearless, coupled with the Trump Administration’s attacks on DEI, have produced a self-censoring effect on charitable organizations. Because of these threats, race-conscious charities will have to modify their practices to become more “inclusive” or face legal challenges from conservatives.